1653 - New Amsterdam becomes a city (later New York NY)
1811 - Russian settlers establish Fort Ross trading post, north of San Francisco
1863 - Samuel Clemens becomes Mark Twain for 1st time
1920 - Estonia declares its Independence from Russia (Dorpat Peace)
1932 - Al Capone sent to prison (Atlanta GA)
1933 - 2 days after becoming chancellor, Adolf Hitler dissolves Parliament
1933 - Göring bans communist meetings/demonstrations in Germany
1943 - Battle of Stalingrad ends with final surrender of the German army, turning point of WWII
1951 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1954 - President Eisenhower reports detonation of 1st H-bomb (done in 1952)
1957 - UN adopts a resolution calling for Israeli troops to leave Egypt
1958 - Syria joins Egypt in United Arab Republic
1971 - Idi Amin ousts Milton Obote to become dictator of Uganda
1984 - Lebanese army fight in Beirut
1986 - Dalai Lama meets Pope John Paul II in India
1990 - South Africa's President F[rederik] W[illem] de Klerk promises to free Nelson Mandela & legalizes African National Congress & 60 other political organizations
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